Basic Medical Laboratory Tests: Disease Focus
Urinalysis: reveals status of kidneys, ureters and bladder—and also may reveal inflammation in female tract or male urethra and prostate.
pH: normal urine is pH 5-7, due to excretion of lactic acid and dozens of other organic acids. pH 7 is neutral; below 7 is acid; above 7 is alkaline.
Acid pH of urine inhibits bacterial growth and thus protects the bladder.
Physical inactivity or low metabolic rate (le.g. low thyroid) lowers lactic acid production and other metabolic acids. Hence alkaline products dominate urine, raising pH to 8 or 9. Alkaline urine also may indicate failure of kidney tubules to excrete acid. But more often alkalinity is due to diet high in vegetable, low in protein and fat. Protein yields amino acids and Fat yields fatty acids.
Cloudy urine usually reflects dietary phosphate or oxalate combined with calcium. It can lead to kidney stones! Cloudy urine can also be caused by illness, e.g. infection, blood or proteins from kidneys due to infection or inflammation of kidneys or ureters, bladder and genito-urinary tract.
Read more: Understanding Lab Testing (and Your Health Beyond Conventional Lab)